Developing 3-D electronics with pre-distorted pattern generation and thermoforming

Overview of the fabrication method of 3DE based on predistorted pattern generation and thermoforming process (referred to as PGT3DE) featuring high customizability, conformability, and stretchability. (A) Basic mechanism of the PGT3DE. 3DE can be fabricated using thermoforming simulation and the predistorted pattern generation method. (B) Schematic cross-sectional illustration of fabricated 3DE based on PGT3DE. (C and D) Designed 3D circuit model (C) and fabricated 3DE (D) [(i) top view and (ii and iii) bird’s eye view without the 3D mold (ii) and with the 3D mold (iii)]. (E) 3D conformal property of the thermoformed SEBS film with a microscope image of thermoformed SEBS film (i) and 3D mold (ii). (F) Electrical stability under various deformations; the 3DE is robust under stretching (ii), twisting…